Amphetamine is a Schedule II controlled substance
available by prescription (Dexedrine®) and is also
available on the illicit market. Amphetamines are a
class of potent sympathomimetic agents with therapeutic
applications. They are chemically related to the human
body's natural catecholamines: epinephrine and
norepinehrine. Acute higher doses lead to enhanced
stimulation of the central nervous system and induce
euphoria, alertness, reduced appetite, and a sense of
increased energy and power. Cardiovascular responses to
amphetamines include increased blood pressure and
cardiac arrhythmias. More acute responses produce
anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, and psychotic
behavior. The effects of amphetamines generally last 2-4
hours following use, and the drug has a half-life of
4-24 hours in the body. About 30% of amphetamines are
excreted in the urine in unchanged form, with the
remainder as hydroxylated and deaminated
derivatives.
The following table lists the concentration of
compounds (ng/mL) that are detected amphetamine positive
in urine by the iCassette, iCup, and iScreen products.
| D-Amphetamine |
1,000 ng/mL |
| D,L-Amphetamine sulfate |
3,000 ng/mL |
| L-Amphetamine |
50,000 ng/mL |
| ±3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine |
2,000 ng/mL |
| Phentermine |
3,000 ng/mL |
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